europython

MosheZ: Componentizing a stairway to heaven

Use components a lot, they are really really cool. (Sounds like zope3 components). One of the big tricks is to always access objects through an interface. ISomethingDoer(o).doSomething().

Raviolli pattern, Risotto pattern, Lasagna pattern (layered). Spaghetti pattern. I don't know what he meant by it, but it sure sounds funny :-)

Michael Hudson - pydoctor

Documentation generation tool. "API docs are basically impossible for mortals to generate", so he created something new. He didn't look at prior art and thought it all over fresh from the start. Extracting docstrings is the easiest part. It knows about zope.interface. It can cope moderately with from xxxx import *. It's still fairly small (2500 lines). Not release yet, no website. (I found an svn repo ).

Reinout van Rees - instancemanager

Instancemanager helps you to manager your zope/plone instances. At Zest software it replaced custom made scripts that had to be adapted for every project.

Some things it can do: create a zope instance, grap products and fill the Products directory, copy a pre-made Data.fs if available, start/stop zope, quickreinstall all products, etc. You can also do several things with a "combining" call: instancemanager vanrees fresh.

Products can be extracted from .tgz, .zip or can be symlinked from svn checkouts. Bundles can also be handled.

Future: two people use it on the server, so it needs a look at the safety aspect: wiping your production server isn't a good idea and instancemanager will currently happily oblige you if you ask it to do just that. Also: Jim Fulton talked about buildout today which does something similar.

Arigo? - pypy thunk and sharedref

Thunk is a way to do lazy evaluation. Sharedref allows python sessions to share variables: they're no copies, they're real variables. You can append something to a list in one running python and you get it updated in the other. Just a demo prototype, but much fun.

Philipp von Weitershausen - zope.testbrowser

Sometimes you just want to treat your web app as a black box, just sending http stuff at it from the outside, behaving as a real user.

Selenium is too slow and it can't be automated (with for instance buildbot). Zope.testbrowser is a programmable browser. There are three variants, one for http connections, one for talking directly to the zope3 publisher and a last one for the zope2 publisher.

All variants can be recorded with the testrecorder. correction 2006-07-05: you can install the server-side testbrowser in almost every webserver, you just have to figure out how to hook it up. It is easy to install inside zope, of course. Note: you need to install on the server which you are testing.

From the testrecorder, you can generate python doctests (and selenium tests, but the doctests are handier for automatic testing).

Mercurial revision control tool

(Talk by video)

Mercurial is written in python.

Sebastian Lopienski - A single word that's almost missing in the abstracts

He read all the abstracts and got some statistics out of it. A word you didn't see a lot is "security". Googling for "Python programming" versus "python security": security is 1.7% of the "programming" results. For perl it is 2.2% and for PHP it is 13%. Either they do a lot for security of they have a big security problem.

He build a small demo website giving the programmer advise based upon his chosen technologies. So: what do we think of the site and do we have input on python-related common problems and pitfals?

Python is faster than assembly. Really.

Speed is measured as distance divided by time.

Someone at CERN said that only 4% of the matter in the universe is known. Well, we can say that there are a few things that don't exist: the tooth fairy, santaclaus and completely specified projects.

So the only distance points that really matter are the business idea and the process is implemented, revenue is created.

The time python takes between those points way less than with assembly or C, so python is faster than assembly.

Niels Mache - Spreed conferencing application

Spreed is implemented in python for some 70-80%. Webcasts, conferencing, powerpoint sharing, etc. Spreed is available as software, as a service and as a hardware appliance.

Martijn Faassen - Update on lxml

Lxml is a python xml parser. Lxml is high performance, it is pythonic and it has lots of features. Not many of the other python xml libraries have all these three. lxml builds on libxml2, but has a much more pythonic interface than libxml2 itself has.

Some changes: there's a new maintainer that did loads of work. There is a 1.0 release and a 1.1 is in alpha. Lots of improvements. If you work with xml in python and you need high performance, pythonic api and lots of features: use lxml.

luis Belmar - itools catalog

itools has a catalog engine.

Philipp von Weitershausen - properties versus decorators

With "property" he means those python new-style-classes that allow you to have just obj.property instead of obj.getProperty() and so.

Decorators allow you to do things like:

  @property
  def feel():
      #xxxxxxx

Doesn't really help when you also have a setter. He tried something with @getproperty and @setproperty. Next try was using something like:

  class JamesBrown:
      class feel(classproperty):
          def getFeel(...)
              #xxxx             
          def setFeel(...)
              #xxxx             

Rob Collins - python software foundation and massage

PSF protects the python intellectual property, funds some research and organises pycon.

And.... Rob is going to raise money for the PSF tonight at the dinner by doing paid neck massages. (He's very good! I had one last year).

Mark Mc Mahon - PyWinAuto

Demo on what you can automate on windows with pywinauto .

Raymond Hettinger - interactive activation and competition

Treat a database as a neural net. You can investigate relationships, compensate for missing data, extrapolate values, etc.

Impossible to blog, all those screens of data, but it was pretty funny to see that it actually works a bit.

He'll have the python code up on the cookbook this evening.

One talk I didn't commit yet from this afternoon:

Gaëtan de Menten - Tiny ERP

Tiny ERP manages accounting, sales/purchases department, stock/production, customer relationship management (CRM), project management, etc. The advantage is that it is integrated and extensible. The target market is small to medium businesses, they're not yet targetting the big customers.

The project was given wider publicity in 2005. There are 5 full-time developers at Tiny and they have some 23 partners in 11 countries.

One convenient feature is automatic partner segmentation: 20% of your customers deliver 80% of your sales, so tiny ERP allows you to filter them out.

The architecture is client/server, but it is server oriented: all the logic is on the server. The database layer is postgreSQL, the object layer is python and the view layer is in XML. The client has almost no logic, it communicates with the server using xml-rpc. Workflows are also defined in XML, but you can generate an image from it.

There are four different frameworks being presented. Every one is given 20 minutes to demonstrate, code and speak to give the audience a feel for the possibilities

• Turbogears
• Django
• Zope (3)

I'm not going to type in everything everyone is typing in at top speed into their editors. I'll just limit myself to some things that made me wonder, gawk with awe, shudder with horror or whatever. It's just my impression, not a quality assessment of the framework in question.

Kevin Dangoor - Turbogears

Kevin has a macintosh 12 inch laptop and uses the "textmate" editor. He'll create a wiki for us.

Kevin dives right in and has turbogears generate a directory with a project skeleton for him. What looked strange to my ZODB-trained eyes was that he was basically defining database tables and columns. He defined it using some fancy sql-to-object mapper (ActiveMapper), but that's still defining SQL tables to me. Man, I'm spoiled with zope's object database :-)

He starts off on a template and that's html sprinkled with '{&'-like constructs. He said at the end of his earlier presentation that he saw no value in xml-based templating systems, but apparently tastes differ. I kinda like zope's tal/metal templating system that uses html constructs and uses attributes to add functionality to them:

  <ul tal:define="results context/getWeblogEntries">
    <li tal:repeat="result results">
      <a href=""
         tal:attributes="href result/getURL"
         tal:content="result/Title" />
    </li>
  </ul>

Ah well :-)

In one of his edit forms he had a very handy autocompletion if you start typing a value previously known to the system. That looked pretty OK.

My impression: you've got to get to know it a bit, but it isn't that big. It looks fine. You can produce good websites with it. Elegant.

Simon Willison - Django

Simon has a 15 inch macintosh laptop (looking at the speed of the thing, probably a macbook) and also uses textmate .

See also the summary of his earlier talk .

During reheasing for this shootout he soon discovered that live coding wasn't something for him, so he prepared some parts for copy-pasting. That way he can give us a better idea what Django is up to. Simon also tries his hand at a wiki.

When running in debug mode, django gives you a rich amount of debug information if there's an error in your application, which helps to to quickly spot errors. Django sure restarts/reloads/whatever FAST. Compared to restarting a plone site... Real Fast.

Simon is a big fan of using django's capability of using base templates, which gives his pages a bit more layout. It's not the huge amount of user interface stuff that plone gives you out-of-the-box, but it solves the same issue of getting a good starting point.

Handy: you can create custom template tags to make your templates shorter. It is a bit comparable to zope's template macro mechanism, but as it uses python code behind the scenes it has a very nice ring to it. It might be more powerful.

Philipp von Weitershausen - Zope 3

Philipp uses a 15 inch macintosh laptop. The editor is mighty Emacs.

He's not going to create a wiki, but he's going to show off what zope3 is good at.

"Zope2 was the Ruby on rails, django, turbogears of 1998." With the exception of using the whole object publishing idea that zope used. It is successful, look at Plone.

Zope3 is a complete rewrite, especially aimed at serving python developers well and to play well with others. It is aimed at tackling complex problems. It uses a component architecture.

There are a lot of existing components. Persistence, templating, i18n, sessions, cataloguing, forms, workflow, etc. To create an application you're going to glue together components (without having to change the existing code) and code a little bit yourself.

URLs in zope are build by traversing objects. Many objects can be treated as filesystem folders that way. That's something very different from the regex url-to-method mappers from turbogears and django.

Philipp creates a new zope product and defines a new folder traverser by subclassing from ItemTraverser, something that, when traversing to test, grabs the item witht the id test from a dictionary. He makes sure that it lowercases the ID you ask for and that it lowercases the list of items in the folder: you can now easily handle WikiNamed files.

To tell zope about his new class, Philipp adds a configure.zcml and registers the new traverser. After adding a file to the folder he could call it whether he asked for test, tEst or TEST.

Restarting zope is slow as usual.

The second part of the work is to create an adapter for ordinary simple documents that detects WikiWords. Couple of lines of code, register it as an adapter, finished.

So Philipp took a normal folder and changed its way of handling content IDs (case insensitive). He also adapted the build-in simple document to allow wikiwords. All without modifying the original stuff. Great for reuse.

Panel discussion

We had some time at the end so it was time for a panel discussion . Q: "Turbogears:What about releases? There are two different betas or betas out apparently". A: We need some more documentation

Q: "Which approaches do you want to steal from eachother?" Django: Turbogears has a nice quickstart. Zope3: zope has nailed the the complex stuff right on the head, but getting started is hard, that's good in django and turbogears. Django: we want to steal zope3's permission system.

Q: "turbogears and django look much the same to me Turbogears: more of a philosophical difference, turbogears is more geared towards reusing existing components. (And no, he's not comfortable in telling people to use turbogears instead of django. Matter of preference.) Django**: They occupy many of the same places, it is mainly a taste issue, where are you comfortable.

Q: "Did you try interoperating?" Turbogears: we tried some django stuff that looked good, but it wasn't really documented. There hasn't really been any usage of eachother's components. Some of the external components that turbogears uses are also used by django.

Q: "Spitting out different formats? Especially json/ajax instead of plain html" Django: We're using a template engine, there's no reason why we can't export what ajax/javascript/jason wants. Turbogears: Likewise. Django doesn't do anything with ajax (except in the admin stuff), that's outside. Your templates can do it, though. It is open. zope3: Of course you can throw another adapter at it. There's already a json adaptor for json requests that does most of the work.

Q: "Any chance of merging django and turbogears in a year's time?" Django: I think not. Turbogears: perhaps some interoperability using WSGI, with part of the website handled by turbogears, part by django.

At zope corporation they had problems with getting their heads around how to use eggs in a development environment. Their existing buildout environment was starting to show its age and it might just be the thing to manage those eggs.

Eggs are self-contained zero-installation python module installers. easy_install modulename installs the module for you. At the simples level they are simply directories that can by included in you sys.path.

The hard part is:

• Deciding which eggs to use.
• Building up your sys.path.

Setuptools is the heart of all this, it helps you build eggs, it handles dependencies. easyinstall finds distributions on the net and installs the build eggs into specified locations.

Some things he doesn't want:

• Modify his python installation. Modifying that influences other projects that use the same
• No runtime configuration (PYTHONPATH).
• No accidental upgrades (setuptools figures out the dependencies, so installing another module might trigger updates to other modules which you might not always want).
• Custom script generation.

Jim wanted greater control over the eggs that are used. Specific versions, so that they can test the exact software that they're going to ship. You don't always want the newest of everything.

He figured out that the old zc.buildout could be revamped and be used to manage the eggs. Buildout creates an assembly of parts, for instance to assemble databases, zeo servers, app servers, etc on multiple machines. The initial versions were make-based, which is a terrible scripting language. A few months ago he started on a 1.0 that would be made in python and that would manage eggs.

Buildout consists of recipes, which are small python classes or methods that do one thing (like installing something). Recipes are managed as eggs. So there's support for developing python software using developer eggs.

Each buildout has a configuration database build with python's configparser, a simple example:

 [buildout]
 develop = mkdir
 parts = mkdir
 log-level = INFO

 [data_dir]
 recipe = mkdir
 path = mystuff

It is under active development and it is ready for production. There will be recipes that are missing that you might have to write yourself. A near term goal is better control

Note by Reinout: I've made a program that partially does the same things, though on an entirely different basis and aimed a bit more at plone: "instancemanager"http://plone.org/products/instancemanager . See also the weblog entries on that subject .

Anders Hammarquist - Python as a domain-specific language

They needed some new custom language for the BLMs (business logic modules) for their CAPS system. They had an older version, but that didn't have decent inheritance, the source files were too large, there was no introspection, etc.

Why not do it in python? Well, there are no typing constructs and you can't really add new keywords to the language (which they needed). But python had everything else that they needed. So they modified python a bit to fix it: metaclasses (pypy's __extend__), object typing, syntax checking. Also some general syntax abuse, like using default attributes for type declarations.

They use two pieces of code from pypy : __extend__ to extend exiting classes with some attributes and __new__ for compiletime checking of some things like having just one type declaration: just making sure the code (in the domain language) is sane.

What did they get? Python with some strange conventions. They gained all the python features.

Tarek Ziadé: CPSBayes, naïve bayesian classifier for CPS

Bayesian classifiers are simple probabalisting classifiers. They are used for document classification, spam detection, text mining, data mining, etc.

A bayesian classifier is given texts sorted in several categories (like "ham" and "spam") and will grab the words out of it. It then calculates which words are probable indicators of ham or spam. (That bloody Frenchman had an example with "winners" and "losers", with winner being France and losers Italy, Portugal and Germany) :-)

The bayesian classifier needs to get the relevant words from the text (so: exclude "the", "it", etc.) and process them. Reuse: it uses textindexNG3's splitting (on spaces, tabs, points, commas), normalising (lowercasing, and for French, it removes all accents, for instance) and stemming (make everything single instead of plural).

Their BayesCore is a pure zope3 product, CPSBayes is a tiny zope2 CMF layer around it.

Tarek experimented a bit with it and you could use it a bit for automatic filling in metadata and for automatic linking between documents.

Alan didn't present in-person, as he was ill and they didn't want him to contaminate an entire airplane :-) he did the presentatioon over a video link instead.

What if we put children first? He thought about it around 1968 and thought up something booklike, as children move around. Now he's on the 100-dollar-laptop board and there'll be such a thing

What's the cost for your current laptop? 50% is profit, marketing, distribution, sales. 25% is microsoft software. Of the 25% that's left, half is the display, a quarter the harddisk. So they now have hold of a 40 dollar innovative screen. And they're using flash memory to get the harddisk costs down.

This project is going to change some of the statistics: it is going to raise the market share and importance of both linux and python.

"We see things not as they are, but as we are" (the talmud). We humans are sometimes totally incapable of seeing certain things. We're fooled by our brains. Just loop up a few of those perspective image jokes on the internet. A part of education is getting us to see things that we don't see by nature.

Human universals (big list) boil down to a "story culture". They exist in all or almost all cultures. Non-universals include democracy, writing and learning, equal rights, perspective drawing, agriculture. These are especially hard to learn.

He had a log of nice children-oriented demos made with the smalltalk implementation squeak, you can find the examples at squeakland.org .

He hopes that a system like this will be implemented in python. There are many more python developers than squeak developers. And python is going to be pretty big in the 100 dollar laptop. Some 10 people have implemented virtually everything of this system.

Alan asks every one of us to think very hard about putting children first and helping out with this.

Update: Guido van Rossum also has a nice summary , be sure to also read the comments.

Marc-André Lemburg - Unicode-aware applications in python

The unicode consortium's solution to encoding issues: one encoding for all text in the world. Ascii compatible, even latin-1 compatible. The often used utf-8 encoding encodes unicode into 8-bit "code units". Python supports it all (that is: unicode 3.2 support in python 2.3 and 2.4, unicode 4.1 is supported by python 2.5).

Python's native unicode type is very efficient and its performance is equal to or better than normal string processing. There are a lot of codecs to encode unicode into latin-1 and so.

Using unicode in python has problems. Not all modules expect unicode, you've got to encode your data then. Some operating systems also cause problems, especially for filenames.

General principle: use unicode for all your text inside your application. Avoid mixing unicode and strings. So use explicit encoding/decoding in all I/O operation.

Internationalisation (i18n) approach:

• Choose a default language.
• Always define the source file's encoding.
• Always use unicode literals for all text. u"my text in my default language".

And: enclose all literals in a call to a translation function: translate(u"my text") or, an often used alternative, using an underscore: _(u"my text").

The most often used tool is GNU's gettext, available through the python gettext module. There are lots of tools for it. Egenix (which Marc-André is the boss of) do it a bit differently with an on-the-fly approach with translations stored in a database.

Philippe Bossut - Internationalisation in python with pyICU

Internationalisation is hard, there are multiple things to keep in mind. When displaying a few dropdowns for type, date and time in a sentence form for an appointment application, you have to remember that the sentence order changes per application. Sort order varies per language. a-z is clear, but where does ä go?

Chandler, the case study in his presentation, is a PIM (personal information management) application that wanted lots of good i18n and l10n. Chandler 0.5 only supported ascii, had hardcoded date format strings, everything was English, etc. A typical US-originating open source application :-)

ICU is a mature set of c/c++ and java libraries for unicode support and internationalisation. Unicode text handling, unicode regular expressions, date formatting, locale-dependent sorting, etc. Looked OK. So in May 2005 they added python bindings to the c++ ICU libraries by using SWIG (a wrapper generator). They have a hand-coded leaner wrapper now, which is quicker.

They only wrapped the parts of ICU that they needed themselves for chandler, btw.

There's one ICU part that they don't use and that's ICU's translation mechanism, they used the gettext mechanism instead. It is used a lot in the open source world. A handy method to deal with message strings that include %s replacements is to use the dictionary lookup trick: instead of "%s items of %s found" use "%(count)s items of %(type)s found" % {"count": 5, "type": "talks"} (oh, and then use unicode).

About the infamous "UnicodeDecodeError": Always do the conversion at the I/O boundaries. He said it, Marc-André said it: do it.

Chandler has a lot of I/O boundaries. http, webdav, filesystem, etc.

Nice idea: they're planning to provide their translations via python eggs.

Maurits van Rees - eXtreme management of projects in plone

Maurits made an eXtreme management application to manage XP projects. Main element of his presentation is XP's planning game . The planning game is about having short (1 till 3 week) iterations, stories, tasks, etc. instead of One Big Project.

eXtreme management has separate roles: manager (can do everything), employee (can't mess up the project planning after start of an iteration) and the customer (can't change things after work has started).

At Zest software, we normally give managers and developers that role site-wide, customers are added locally to the projects, so that they can only view their own projects.

Stories can be added by both managers and customers. The initial workflow state is "draft", after the story is well-described, the customer can submit it for estimation.

Rough estimation (by the manager and the developers) is done on the story level and is measured in days. You get a more detailed estimate by adding tasks to the story, tasks are measured in hours. Developers add those tasks to the story and estimate them. The total of all tasks is the real estimate for the story.

There are a couple of checks in the system: you cannot activate a story without first adding tasks and estimating them. When you do activate something, everything inside it also gets activated and ends up on the to-do list of the developers.

Developers can book their hours directly on the tasks, which also shows up to the customer: an unknown level transparency for the customer.

Aaron Bingham - Design by contract in python: present and future

Why design by contract ? Precision and accuracy in documentation, so quality. The documentation cannot get out of sync with the code. A common question is "why do we need it, we already have unit tests". Design by contract adds to unit tests, does different things. It is stronger at catching integration issues. And it allows you to code less defensively, as any uncertainties are catched by the contract. Less defensive code means less code, which is good.

The three essential parts of design by contract:

Preconditions

Define client responsibility. The client is the program part that uses the class that defines the preconditions. "If you want to use me, you'll have to keep this contract".

Postconditions

Define provider responsibility. The provider is the class that defines the postcondition. "You can expect me to return a list. Not a dictionary, no, a list."

Invariants

Things that are always valid. "You can always call me and ask my length".

All three are checked before and after every call to a class method. In the original (eiffel) definition, it was qualified calls, but we don't have something like that in python.

Python's assert statement is handy, but it is "just" internal checking, it doesn't have anything to do with contracts.

There are some people who tried their hands at an implementation for python. He demoed his own prototype (aspects), pep 316 has something, Plösch, ipdbc, pydbc. In the end he compiled a table comparing all the approaches.

Conclusions on the state of implementations. A solution using decorators would be interesting for comparison. Only the PEP and Aspects are workable solutions right now.

Aaron's conclusion, in the end, is that we're not far off.

Uwe Oestermeier - Bebop, a zope3-based groupware

They packaged their zope3 server as an out-of-the-box downloadable application, which looked like a userfriendly way of distributing it.

One of the things that Bebob manages is documents. It keeps track of versions and the various users are notified that they have to download new versions if someone uploads a new one. There's also a blog, a wiki and a message server (I missed the first 5 minutes of the talk, so I might have missed some additional ones).

Bebop has a central catalog with indexes for authors, documents, versions, dates: who did what when?

Their current setup is a central ZEO server, the wxPython client connects via ZEO, the metadata is the zodb, the actual files are in the local filesystem. They are thinking of using twisted instead of ZEO.

James Gardner - Developing applications with WSGI

Murphy had a field day with the projector. It worked perfectly till the presentation started. A big "clean the air filter" notice appeared and couldn't be removed. Ok, let's switch the channel. Ouch, now we're just getting some faint gray lines. Murphy's law. Kit Blake got the projector tamed again in the end :-)

His talk is much more low-level than Kevin's one, he'll basically go through the WSGI PEP .

The problem: choosing a web framework (zope, quixote, webware, twisted, etc) is tricky as you have to like the whole of the web framework as they used to come as big monolithic blocks. The WSGI interface allows the web frameworks to chop themselves up a bit and make individual parts available.

The WSGI itself is pretty simple. Your application should accept an environment (including form variables, etc) and a start_response method that you call with some optional headers when starting your response. The actual content is just that which you return.

The interface is easy to implement and it makes your application WSGI-usable with lots of other applications. You can write a separate library that does something, register it as WSGI and use it from any other WSGI-expecting app.

There's a new website at wsgi.org that has an overview of available middleware, utilities, documentation, etc.

Simon Willison - The django web framework

He worked for a newspaper: web development on a newspaper schedule. That newspaper Went Wild with the kids' league . They wanted a professional site for the kids' league: team descriptions, team stats, schedules, sign-up forms for parents to get email alerts, 360 degree photos of all stadiums, etc. In three days. In the end, this turned into django .

They had a great css/template designer and a couple of very capable and hard-working interns. And they were going to build it in python. And they were going to have clean URLs, a good template system (so that they could get the designer to work right away: remember, a 3-day deadline).

Views are what django developers spend the most of their time in. Methods that accept a request and send out a response. That's where the work really happens. Views are developer-oriented and thus can use lots of little utility methods.

URLs are handled with regualar expressions. If an expression matches, the request gets given to the corresponding method. The regular expression can grab certain elements out of the URL, these get passed to the method, too.

Django uses databases to store data. It can create the databases for you, which also gives you some handy methods to get your data back out of the database. One fancy thing is that most of the queries are lazy: they don't get executed till the last moment. So you can grab all data, take the first three of those and print the results: this will only query the database for the first three items.

Django templates are normal html files, sprinkled with curly braces to tell django to do things like iterating. You can have a base template that defines some extension locations that you can fill later on, for instance for putting a site header and a standard footer in there. Django's template system was designed to handle the environment they had at the newspaper.

What they did for the newspaper turned into a lot of small mini content managerment systems all bundled together. So they started a central management view to coordinate it all.

Some success stories:

• The original newspaper
• His favourite: a site showing all the entertainment stuff in Lawrence .

Thomas Waldmann, Alexander Schremmer - MoinMoin wiki development

MoinMoin is a pretty popular wiki implementation, for instance used on parts of python.org. Ubuntu uses MoinMoin for almost all their websites, so that shows you can modify MoinMoin's looks a lot, as it doesn't look as a wiki.

Thomas showed the MoinMoin plugin types. Parsers, macros, etc. MoinMoin now has a nice plugin system, allowing you to modify individual parts of MoinMoin to your liking. Other parts are not plugins, but are meant to be extended by using interfaces: user authentication, convertors (from html to wiki markup), security policies (antispam, autoadmin, etc.).

For the actions, they have plugins. Actions are "show", "diff", "delete page", etc. Also plugins: parsers and formatters. Formatters are called for individual pieces of text, so italic text goes through the italic formatter. Adding formatter actions thereby extend the capabilities of the format.

Theme plugins customise the way that MoinMoin looks. Such a plugin consists of a bit of python code and stylesheets and icons.

MoinMoin supports Wiki xmlrpc: some standard RPC for getting/writing pages, info, page list, etc.

Kevin build an RSS newsreader while recovering from perl and java: in python. There's a lot of stuff available in python, it comes with batteries included. Everything that was in ruby on rails (which he also looked at) was already available in python, it just wasn't packaged together like rails.

Two additional big plusses for python:

• Mark Pilgrim's feedparser. No worries about RSS formats.
• Handy py2exe, py2app application bundlers.

Kevin introduces a hypothetical programmer "J" that wants to build a virtual circus. Hey, you need an example :-)

Kevin convinces J to not write his own framework. Python has the WSGI module, so J can concentrate on the circus instead of writing a webserver: he only has to adapt to WSGI (pronounced "wiskey" according to Kevin).

Next up is some state-persisting, so talking to databases: middleware. WSGI has interfaces for that, so he can go to the cheese shop and search for WSGI and pick out a module to his liking and start implementing his end of the WSGI interface.

J can use python Paste to plug various WSGI parts into eachother. Paste is sort of an application generator. Look at that if you need something like that.

Is it worth learning all of those things yourselves or are you better off taking an exising library?

For Turbogears he did build the widget/form system himself as he couldn't find anything that fit in nicely with the rest of his system (he wanted to use the KID template language).

Packaging can also be a big task. Lots of different OSs, especially with pyhton. If J packages everything into one big tarball, he'll have some happy users, but others will complain about module version mismatches with their already installed stuff. RPMs get some linux users happy, but leaves windows out, etc.

Solution: setuptools, easyinstall and eggs. (Reinout: yes, works nicely). It is a sort of debian version/library management system for python modules that allows you to easily distribute your modules. You can have dependecies on other modules, including requirements for minimum or maximum versions of those modules.

Also handy: eggs can have "entry points" for plugins. One egg defines an entry point, other eggs then can provide plugins for those entry points. Plug and play. For instance, the KID template languages registers itself into the python.templating.engines entry point. Using a plugin isn't hard, the work is in figuring out what you want to do with it.

Back to the circus. J did choose Beaker as his way of handling persistence (in this case for sessions). Beaker registers itself with easyinstall as a plugin for WSGI's persistence interfaces. Beaker requires the myghtyutils module for handling sessions itself, but that's just one install_requires=["MyghtyUtils"] line in your egg file away.

Kevin: "no talk about web applications in python is complete without talking about zope3 :-)". Zope3 is about reusing existing code, so install_requires=["zope.interfaces", "zope.even_more], as zope3 has packaged most of their stuff as eggs. Jim Fulton mentioned that zope3 is also a WSGI app.

Conclusion. Kevin doesn't want to discourage people to build their own better templating systems, but then don't write your own parser, there are many of those. If you think the existing web frameworks are crazy, by all means build a new one, but then don't write your own webserver, session handling, etc.

I just got the europython 2006 program and my talk is in: Generating content types and workflow with ArchGenXML , hurray! Monday morning, right before lunch, which is a good spot as far as I'm concerned.

For many people, ArchGenXML is the most attractive way to get started with Plone development. Generating your content types from a UML class diagram is easy and fast, especially as ArchGenXML sets up all the "bookkeeping code" for you: the __init__.py, the Install.py, etc. The presentation will cover this and I'll also show how to modify the generated code to your special needs.

ArchGenXML is great at generating a complete workflow out of UML state diagrams. You get good code that hardly ever needs modification from a UML diagram that you can readily show to your customer - and he'll be able to understand it (mostly). I'll show how to do this in the presentation.

Depending on the improvements made on ArchGenXML I hope to show our support for zope3 goodies in plone 2.5.

Oh, and allow me a brief recommendation of eXtremeManagement of projects with Plone that my brother Maurits gives on monday right after lunch :-)

Wednesday afternoon zope lightning talks from the europython conference.

See also the complete write-up overview .

Included is also a talk about the zope foundation.

Rob Page - Zope foundation

All the info is on the web, so just the questions afterwards.

Q: was there any thought on making it a European foundation instead of a US-based one as there are more zope developers in Europe? A: No. But we want to try and make it tax-deductable, for instance, for European companies.

Q: where will the money of the foundation be spend on? A: funding sprints, paying for zope.org, perhaps funding some developers. And you need someone to answer the phone.

Q: will the Z3ECM project be in the foundation's code? A: don't know. It's just by accident that these two things are underway at the same time.

Q: issuing rights to use the name zope? For most cases (local zope users groups) it will be the foundation that does it.

(lightning talks below) Lightning talks

Astrid - great presentations

As an outsider, she's allowed to ask whether Pythonians have a heart. When talking to people: yes, she's sure. But when listening to talks: she's not sure. Why do you hide your heart when giving a presentation?

Don't give a presentation when it doesn't come from your heart! And if it does come from your heart, show it. That gives you 85% of the attention of the participants.

• Make eyecontact, especially to people that aren't paying attention
• Use articulation. Range from normal to loud, if needed. You can also especially mention that person in the back that.....
• Use your hands.
• Stand Firm. Show that you're confident. On two legs.
• Show your heart.

Eyes, mouth, arms, legs, heart: that's your recipe for great presentations.

Andreas Jung - textindexNG version 3

Great new feature: it works well with multi-lingual content! Also there are now complex queries over multiple fields.

Christian Theune - blob

Blobs for zope seem finally on their way.

Andreas Jung - zope + xsl-fo

Current printing is mostly based on pure browser printing. Layout may be wrong and there's no hyphenation.

XSL-FO is an XML dialect for formatting layout (mostly towards pdf). There is a tool called CSS2XSLFO that takes a html page including css and makes XSL-FO out of it.

He did a first implementation that converted 10000 documents which looked very nice indeed.

Joost Roman - Blogs for silva

Quite simple. Just adding silva docs to folders and so.

Tres Seaver - Zelenium

Most was covered in Maik Roeder's presentation. One thing that was not covered was how to to test against a test instance without fouling up all subsequent tests if there's an error in the current one.

There's a DemoStorage possiblility in zope that you can reset quickly to get a good begin situation back. Bit underdocumented, but basically you have to put '' tags around ''. Just copy your filestorage and run them on a different port (or something like that, it was quick).

Works in zope 2.7.6.

Matt Hamilton - pdb

Quick intro to pdb, same as last year.

Some emacs tricks: Slap that import pdb; pdb.set_trace() into the file you want to test in emacs. Then start a shell and start bin/runzope. On hitting the pdb statement, the emacs pdbtracker mode takes over.

"Don't use p, but pp. That's a much more well-formatted version of inspection."

Michel Pelletier - Zemantic

Zemantic is really just ZCML and page templates, no logic. Just a wrapper around rdflib . The power of zope3 in action!

Zemantic actually used rdflib 2.0, but it has heavily influenced version 2.1 :-)

RDF is just a standard way of encoding (not implementing) Cobb's relational database model.

In many cases you can use Zemantic mostly as you would catalogs. But for catalogs you need to create indexes and so you need to know beforehand what you want to put in there. You can only put in there what is allowed. Zemantic is much more civilised. Zemantic content describes itself and you can shove almost anything in.

For normal usage: use the catalog. For data-centric apps: use zemantic.

The "Sparql" query language will be included in the next version!

Kai Hänninen - PrimaGIS

Web mapping application in plone. They're trying to combine traditional spatial data with content from the CMS. So you have to allow existing and future content to have spatial parameters.

ZCO Carthographic objects for Zope, PrimaGis for plone and the python carthographic library mapserver in python. All of them are quite new, but already highly usable and actively developed.

Christian Zagrodnick - CMFLinkchecker and link monitoring

It's actually for plone and not for plain CMF... When viewing a page as an author, you see the links in red, orange or green. Green is good, red is dead and orange is temporary down. Handy.

There's now also a link monitoring thingy that show you what links to a certain object exist.

The link checker runs as a separate (twisted) server.

Aisté Kesmitanaité - Ivija360, zope3 application

It's about 360 degree feedback for/from employees for HR departments. Getting feedback, giving feedback. They're using reportlab to send out nice shiny PDF forms with the results and the nice graphs.

Roman Joost - graphical editor for alphaflow workflow

Graphviz for layouting the graph and SVG (mozilla) for the visualisation. Couple of issues with SVG implementations and consistency of the UI, though.

Lucky me

Yesterday I won a python Tshirt, today I won a 12y old malt wiskey for filling in the feedback form :-)

Andreas Johnsen - Killing sharepoint zopely

With storing word 2003 docs as xml, you can already build nice imports for zope. But, they hope to be able to use the sharepoint functionality in word. It looked OK, but took the latest .net, the very latest visual studio, but then you were able to show a part of the zope interface in the sharepoint sidebare in word. (Or so, I'm not known with sharepoint).

Christian Theune - msaccess plone

He made pymdb that reads in mdb tables. Plus a plone product. You can upload access database and select tables and so. He demoed it with the Tmobile database of hotspot locations. Very neat, especially when searching through the standard plone search box. It also matches inside the database and, when clicking on the database, it only shows the matching field. Real neat.

Duncan Booth - plone multisite

(Look at "composite page", he said it was good for mixing and matching parts of a page).

Multisite demo

Vincenzo Di Somma - PloneWorkflows

A collection of workflows that should cover a lot of the commonly occurring scenarios. Great.

Alexander Limi - Presentation Hubris

How to present with a minimum of fuss

In plone there is a plone side mode. Opera supports it

h1, h2 means new slide. Bullets, defs are ok. <p> is hidden comment. Rest is hidden.

PTProfiler

ptprofiler is one of the most useful tools there is. You can profile your page templates!

This allowed plone to kill lots of the things that took time.

Warning: don't install it on a production server, as it re-enables itself when you restart the server.

Martijn Faassen - developer marketing

How (not) to build an open source community.

When you find a piece of software on a company website, would you give feedback? Would you submit a patch? Would you join the project?

Ask yourself the questions again when you find it on a developer site (like codespeak.net). Perhaps there's less chance of trying the software as you're not sure of the reputation, but you'll be much more likely to join the project.

This one difference can make all the difference.

Godefroid Chapelle - Ajax infrastructure in zope

Xforms and so is nice, but not really supported now. Ajax is the quick solution, BUT you don't want to support JavaScript. So something javascript-generating or so would be nice.

Azax uses a combination between a javascript preprocessor and commands written in XML.

Wednesday morning talks from the europython conference.

See also the complete write-up overview .

Included here: research on fun and software development; sprints; choosing good names; selenium functional testing; using tests for motivation.

Benno Luthiger - Fun matters

Results of the study "fun and software development" (FASD). Sometimes software seems a by-product of some process that provides fun :-) One of the hypotheses was that "developing open source makes more fun".

What is fun? For his research he needed a more unequivocal term. He uses the term "flow" (from Csikszentmihalyi). Flow is characterised by knowing what to do (like in sport), having the right challenge, a good match between capabilities and requirements, concentration, a perception of increased control, etc.

He did his research by making a questionaire for open source and developers of purely commercial software. (Hm. I'm wondering now whether I've filled in this questionaire: I remember something like that...)

Funny: apparently there is a linear relationship between "fun" and "engagement for open source". The more fun, the more readiness to work more on open source. It doesn't wear off quadratically with more and more fun.

After a complaint about calling it "commercial" instead of "proprietary", he explained that he asked open source programmers in general (whether they got paid to do OS development or not) and developers in a couple of Swiss companies.

Some differences: in open source you've got an optimal challenge (you do what you can) and you've got more project vision. Commercial: more formal authority, monetary incentives and deadlines.

(I didn't get everything, I didn't understand the lists of numbers that weren't too well explained. Ah well, there's probably a paper that does it.)

The results are here

Beatrice Düring - PyPy and sprint-driven development

She showed a picture of a school class sitting neatly in rows, looking uncreative. That's the optimum of 1000s of years of educational development?!? Definitively not how our open source projects are looking.

The PyPy projects makes a nice python-in-python compiler. They're now funded by the EU for two years. They have to do research also on agile methods.

One of the things is a "sprint". Originated at zope corporation for the zope3 development. A multiday session of intense development, 2-5 days long, no more than 10 people and using aspects of extreme programming.

Some good points of sprinting. The productivity comes mostly from teambuilding. Imagine a ball falling and falling and falling... You need to bounce back up, otherwise the developer leaves. During the "falling" stage, you orient yourself ("who are you"), start to build trust, allign the goals and roles. And then the bounce: commitment. Then moving up: implementing, WOW, restart (do we continue, do we do something else, etc.).

This means we need to structure the sprint. You must have to have a process, steer it a bit, have some social skills to get a successful sprint.

How is it done? There is actually quite a lot of info on the net (mostly zope-centric) on how to do it regarding content+logistics. You need the infrastucture: connectivity, coffee, a room. Otherwise the sprint won't work. On procedure: have an introduction, followed by a tutorial to get new contributors up to speed. Important: tracking! Track what everyone is doing, keep showing interest. Track against the goal.

Michael Hudson once asked whether it was actually possible to do open source sprinting 10 years ago: no ryanair, no wireless, no affordable laptops? He had a point.

Within PyPy they try to learn by doing - by reflecting on what they've done. Trying to design a process, to adjust the process. And disseminate the process. So document the process.

Funny: they're also working at integrating project management (=meetings) with the software development during the sprints.

Issue: functioning within EU funding.

There are challenges regarding sprinting. For instance expectations and participants: the expectations must not be too heterogenous. Vision versus implementation: during the sprint you're creative, but most ideas won't get implemented during the sprint, so they have to be done in between the sprints. This must be taken care of. Issue: leadership and process management, which depends a lot on the participants - whether they're proactive or not. Another issue: funding. Ryanair and hotels cost money. Especially for unfunded open source projects.

If you've got experiences or comments on sprinting, please help Bea with your info ( bea@changemaker.nu ).

Stefan Holek - Choosing good names

"And God called the light "light" and it was good". Naming things is not just something God is allowed to do, programmers do too. After showing sheets with some assembly or internal computer bytecode, the need for "names" as such was pretty clear :-)

Humans deal with complexity by means of abstraction. So the computer still uses numbers, but we've put a layer on top of it. First procedural languages, like COBOL. Comment about COBOL: devised so that management could read the code that the programmers wrote...

Even further: object oriented programming. Object orientation gives you arbitrary levels of abstraction.

With the tools that we have available and the possibilities that we have, when programming, our audience is human. The computer doesn't care less what we do. And the machines are fast enough not to have to use machine-centric languages most of the time. This is the core of his talk.

Observation: there is no substitute for experience and taste. You notice it when code is written by beginners!

For communication you need a common vocabulary and so. For good names we can look at lots of existing software. Input comes from computer science, the problem domain and our experience.

The "gang of four" software pattern book has an important contribution. Not so much their explanation of how to implement the patterns, but naming them. Now we can talk about an Iterator or an Adapter and get a pretty good idea of what is meant.

When coding, we are creating instances of our tools (lists, classes) and we use names from the problem domain. So a list could be called products. When choosing names, we must not mix tool-space and problem-space. The so-called "hungarian notation" is probably one of the worst things you could do.

Hints. Code must be understandable by itself, comments don't help. Use English language names. So know your English. Be consistent throughout the program, the specs and the docs. Do not rename things halfway, that is counter-productive.

Short names are good, but don't overdo. Saving keystrokes is not a strategy, though. No cnt versus count. If it looks like linenoise, you won't understand your own code half a year down the road. Important hint: grepability counts, which also rules out too-short names.

In your code, tell a story. A set of plain numbers in an argument list is way less "telling" than keyword arguments. xyz(3, 8) versus xyz(product=3, quantity=8).

Module names should inform about the contents. Lowercase them. Martijn Faassen says that module names should always be singular, that way you don't have to guess.

Classes start with an uppercase character. Often it is UpperCasedLikeThis.

Method names signify what the method does or what it returns. It starts with a lowercase. Either mixedCase() or under_scores(). The first part should be an action like trim_spaces() not space_trimmer().

Variable names inform about the value. Booleans should start with has or is.

Like testing, we choose good names primarily for our own benefit.

Maik Roeder - Web application testing with Selenium

(I ran in five minutes late, so I missed part of the demo. Wrong room :-) There was a lot of good demonstration, so I won't write much here. By the way: the room was full, a good indication of the testing-readiness of the developers present, which in turn is a good indication of the probable quality of the code!)

There are two modes: in-browser mode with the tests run by html+javascript in one frame and the website under test in an other frame. The tests are written in html tables. The other mode is the "driven mode", with the browser being steered by an application on the same machine. That program has a python interface.

Selenium has actions for opening a page, clicking somewhere, typing in text somewhere, and so on. Check can be for text that's present or not present, for instance. How do you locate elements (for clicking/text entering)? By identifiers (id="something"), DOM, xpath.

Selenium uses a javascript "bot" inside the browser. There is no need to